Dust Storm 2001

Terms from nasa.gov

KEY TERMS
Plate tectonics: The movement of rigid plates (lithosphere) on a mobile upper mantle (asthenosphere).
Erosion: The movement or grinding away of surface materials by wind, water, ice, or gravity.
Dendritic drainage patterns: Networks of stream channels caused by flowing waters.
Permafrost: Frozen layer at variable depth below the surface in frigid regions of a planet.
Impact Craters: Craters formed when objects or impactors smashed into the surface.
Ejecta: Material thrown out of the area that becomes the crater during impact; does not account for all material since much is vaporized or melted.
Rays: Bright streaks starting from a crater and extending away for great distances.
Raised Rim: Rock thrown out of the crater and deposited in a ring-shaped pile at the crater's edge during an impact.
Crater Floor: Bowl-shaped or flat area of a crater, usually below the surrounding ground level unless filled in with lava.

Terraforming Mars

Thorium Reactors

Body Differences Between Earth & Mars by Nasa.Gov

Bulk parameters
Mars Earth Ratio (Mars/Earth)
Mass (1024 kg) 0.64185 5.9736 0.107
Volume (1010 km3) 16.318 108.321 0.151
Equatorial radius (km) 3396.2 6378.1 0.532
Polar radius (km) 3376.2 6356.8 0.531
Volumetric mean radius (km) 3389.5 6371.0 0.532
Core radius (km) 1700 3485 0.488
Ellipticity (Flattening) 0.00589 0.00335 1.76
Mean density (kg/m3) 3933 5515 0.713
Surface gravity (m/s2) 3.71 9.80 0.379
Surface acceleration (m/s2) 3.69 9.78 0.377
Escape velocity (km/s) 5.03 11.19 0.450
GM (x 106 km3/s2) 0.04283 0.3986 0.107
Bond albedo 0.250 0.306 0.817
Visual geometric albedo 0.170 0.367 0.463
Visual magnitude V(1,0) -1.52 -3.86 -
Solar irradiance (W/m2) 589.2 1367.6 0.431
Black-body temperature (K) 210.1 254.3 0.826
Topographic range (km) 30 20 1.500
Moment of inertia (I/MR2) 0.366 0.3308 1.106
J2 (x 10-6) 1960.45 1082.63 1.811
Number of natural satellites 2 1
Planetary ring system No No

Mars Fact Sheet by nasa.gov

Martian Atmosphere

Surface pressure: 6.36 mb at mean radius (variable from 4.0 to 8.7 mb depending on season)
[6.9 mb to 9 mb (Viking 1 Lander site)]
Surface density: ~0.020 kg/m3
Scale height: 11.1 km
Total mass of atmosphere: ~2.5 x 1016 kg
Average temperature: ~210 K (-63 C)
Diurnal temperature range: 184 K to 242 K (-89 to -31 C) (Viking 1 Lander site)
Wind speeds: 2-7 m/s (summer), 5-10 m/s (fall), 17-30 m/s (dust storm) (Viking Lander sites)
Mean molecular weight: 43.34 g/mole
Atmospheric composition (by volume):
Major : Carbon Dioxide (CO2) - 95.32% ; Nitrogen (N2) - 2.7%
Argon (Ar) - 1.6%; Oxygen (O2) - 0.13%; Carbon Monoxide (CO) - 0.08%
Minor (ppm): Water (H2O) - 210; Nitrogen Oxide (NO) - 100; Neon (Ne) - 2.5;
Hydrogen-Deuterium-Oxygen (HDO) - 0.85; Krypton (Kr) - 0.3;
Xenon (Xe) - 0.08

Biosphere 2

Stephen Hawking's Terraforming Mars